"Vascular Disease in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis" from Italian members of the ISNVD. This review contains everything we have been discussing on here for seven years. Endothelial dysfunction, hypoperfusion of the MS brain, microparticles, ET-1 and slowed blood flow, infections, environmental factors, impaired venous drainage (CCSVI) and other vascular commorbities in pwMS, It also reviews the 150 year history of the vascular connection to MS---which has been buried in recent decades due to the success of the EAE model and a $20 billion/year MS immune modulating industry. Finally---all in one place. Please read and share. Joan