Multimodal noninvasive and invasive imaging of extracranial venous abnormalities indicative of CCSVI: results of the PREMiSe pilot study "Conclusion: ...In addition, the findings from the 2 invasive techniques confirmed the existence of severe extracranial venous anomalies that significantly impaired normal blood outflow from the brain in this group of MS patients." http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/13/151/abstract


Multimodal noninvasive and invasive imaging of extracranial venous abnormalities indicative of...
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There is no established noninvasive or invasive diagnostic imaging modality at present that can serve as a 'gold standard' or