Role of Copper in Neurodegenerative Disease like Parkinson, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2014)

“...7. Conclusions
Among the interesting facts regarding copper-binding proteins, we found that alpha-synuclein bound to copper acts as a ferrireductase, thus increasing the availability of iron for the generation of free radicals; this could be particularly important in the caudate/putamen vulnerable regions of the brain, because of the presence of the oxidative labile dopamine. In addition, copper-dependent ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin has been continuously reported to be reduced in samples from Parkinson’s disease patients. Theoretically, the decreased function of ceruloplasmin would aggravate the abovementioned situation of alpha-synuclein. Accumulation of brain iron is an event unambiguously related to the disease, but the proportion in which copper or copper proteins are responsible for iron dyshomeostasis in Parkinson’s disease is not known accurately. The role of copper transporters in Parkinson’s disease is an issue that also deserves further research. Knowledge about copper compartmentalization in brain will help to establish promissory therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing the positive role of this metal in Parkinson’s disease...” http://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2014/147251/

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Morley Robbins (MAG-FB group) did as usual a brilliant comment on this topic. Here we go:

“...-Parkinson's is CAUSED by excess build up of Iron & LACK of bio-available Copper, i.e. properly bound to its protein Ceruloplasmin...

- It takes sufficient Copper to make Ceruloplasmin work... (6-8 ions of Cu per 1 molecule of Cp)

- ALL facets of Iron metabolism (Hephaestrin, Ferritin, Transferrin, Transportin, etc.) MUST HAVE bio-available Copper to work...

- You do NOT ingest Iron in hopes of improving these markers. Excess Iron only poisons your Liver & burns out Maggie trying to detox this highly reactive metal...

- Free (unbound) Copper is highly VOLATILE to NMDA Receptors... (Hint, hint for post-Benzo crowd...)
Bound Cu is your friend... Unbound, not so much...

- Parkinson's ain't no "medical disease!" It's yet another classic example of RAMPANT
"metabolic dysfunction" CAUSED by "mineral deficiencies..." Again, the mineral shifts CAUSE the symptoms that MDs then conveniently "LABEL" so you think it's coming from Mars, not INSIDE your brain cells...

- What they neglect to mention is that it takes a lot of energy (spelled Mg-ATP inside the cells...) to bind
Copper to Cp.

Bottom line: if you have, or suspect Neurodegenerative issues, get a handle on your mineral pattern & ratios w/ hair & blood testing. And should you elect to meet with a "Mineral Denialist," pls bring two copies of this article: one for the doctor to read, & the other for her/his attorney, putting them on notice about the bleeding edge of science...”

source: https://attachment.fbsbx.com/file_download.php?id=694827700566979&eid=ASsHRP4Lg_Q4E7CMcD1cmjoIoc7gCt0Xw_5vde0kPHdOu8-YDeCzQKe4yOwUusKjizY&inline=1&ext=1408497590&hash=AStb7fI9NWZ7ud2T