New review from Dr. Zivadinov--- "There is an urgent need to define and validate the spectrum of cranial/extracranial venous anomalies and to establish reliable, diagnostic gold-standard test(s)."


Expert Reviews - Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics - 11(9):1277 - Summary
www.expert-reviews.com
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was recently described in multiple sclerosis patients. CCSVI is characterized by impaired brain venous drainage due to outflow obstruction in the extracranial venous system, mostly related to anomalies in the internal jugular and azygos veins. The c...