The vascular surgery dept. at the University of Catania, Italy studied 313 patients with MS and 12 patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent echo-color Doppler sonography and catheter venography of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) to evaluate contrast medium clearance time. In patients with venous outflow anomalies, balloon angioplasty of the IJVs was performed. 89% of the patients studied had moderate to severe delay of venous clearance in at least one jugular vein. Balloon angioplasty improved flow in at least one jugular vein in 69% of patients. There is a high prevalence of abnormal delayed flow through IJVs in patients with MS.


Internal Jugular Veins Outflow in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Catheter Venography Study
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Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Volume 24, Issue 12, Pages 1790-1797, December 2013, Authors:Pierfrancesco Veroux, MD; Alessia Giaquinta, MD; Debora Perricone, MD; Lorenzo Lupo, MD; Flavia Gentile, MD; Carla Virgilio, MD; Anna Carbonaro, MD; Concetta De Pasquale, MD; Massimiliano V...