Veno-plasty is wonderful and so many have seen the benefits from this therapeutic treatment.  For some it lasts a very long time and for others there has been NO benefits whatsoever (i.e. Alan B.) most patients they fall in between. EVERYONE is different.  If you are told you need a REDO veno-plasty ask your doctor (IR) why is the next veno-plasty of the IJV (s) going to remain open?  STENTS  should NOT be an option for the IJV (s)!   The azygos vein is a completely different issue.  Please for your own safety do your research.  We are seeing in surgery too many patients that have had over treatment of "veno-plasty" of the IJV (s) and for some they have gone past the point of surgical intervention to correct blood flow and are now completely occluded.  What happens to those patients?  Can't stress enough how important this issue is that many are NOT discussing and it needs to be on the table for discussion!  Thank you -Tina J.