http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24704584

Ann Vasc Surg. 2014 Apr 1. pii: S0890-5096(14)00179-4. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.03.012
Bilateral Surgical Reconstruction for Internal Jugular Veins Disease in Patients With Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency and associated Multiple Sclerosis.
Spagnolo S (1), Scalise F (2), Barbato L (1), Grasso MA (3), Tesler UF (1).

1Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy; Cardiac and Vascular Catheterization Laboratory, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy; CCSVI Research Center, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy.
2Cardiac and Vascular Catheterization Laboratory, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy; CCSVI Research Center, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy. Electronic address: filippo.scalise@policlinicodimonza.it.
3Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy.

Abstract
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular condition characterized by morphological alterations involving efferent cerebral vascular paths. CCSVI has been implicated as a contributing factor to multiple sclerosis (MS) but this theory is highly controversial. We report three cases of CCSVI patients with MS who had undergone internal jugular veins (IJVs) angioplasty to restore vessels patency. All patients reported significant symptomatic improvement after angioplasty until symptoms recurred following restenosis of the treated IJVs. Surgical IJVs reconstruction was performed. Patients' symptoms gradually improved and the benefits were maintained at the one-year follow up.