New paper from PREMiSE study, published in BMC Neurology Journal--CCSVI exists, and it impairs blood outflow from the brain. "In addition, the findings from the 2 invasive techniques confirmed the existence of severe extracranial venous anomalies that significantly impaired normal blood outflow from the brain in this group of MS patients."


Multimodal noninvasive and invasive imaging of extracranial venous abnormalities indicative of...
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There is no established noninvasive or invasive diagnostic imaging modality at present that can serve as a 'gold standard' or