Dr. Salvatore Sclafani - Paper "Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) in the diagnosis and treatment of CCSVI"

Intravascular Ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency

Salvatore J.A. Sclafani, MD, FSIR

American Access Care Physicians, Professor of Radiology, Surgery and Emergency Medicine

State University of New York Downstate Medical School, Brooklyn, New York



Introduction

Chronic Cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a clinical syndrome that results from outflow resistance of the veins that drain the brain and the spine. It presents with chronic fatigue and temperature intolerance, short term memory deficiencies and problems of concentration and executive processing, headaches, spasticity and vision deficiencies, among others (1-3). CCSVI is most commonly seen in patients with multiple sclerosis (4), but these symptoms have been reported in patients with jugular stenoses and occlusions caused by radical neck surgery, vascular access catheters, tumor compression, hypercoagulable states, and trauma and without antecedent cause. (5-8)

The primary venous conduits that constitute the cerebrospinal venous circuit include the right and left internal jugular vein (IJV), the right and left vertebral veins and the azygous vein. These are the major outflow veins of the brain and the spinal cord draining venous blood from the dural sinuses and from the vertebral plexus and spinal veins. There are also secondary outflow veins, namely the innominate veins and the superior vena cava. Augmentation of the primary outflow veins can result from obstruction of the "inflow" veins that are connected to the primary veins. These include the left renal vein that is connected to the hemiazygous vein and the left common iliac vein that is connected to the ascending lumbar vein.......
read more & source: http://ccsvi-ms.pl/Sclafani.doc

***BIG THANK YOU to Dr. Salvatore Sclafani to allow sharing his knowledge with us for free & to Ryszard Wiercinski for providing the news via CCSVI-MS Poland!!!***