Abnormal Copper Homeostasis: Mechanisms and Roles in Neurodegeneration, Toxics 2014

“...Conclusions
Copper is an essential transition metal. It participates in critical cuproenzymes preventing neurodegeneration and regulating neurotransmission. Via the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin, copper is a metabolic regulator of the contents of iron in the CNS. An excess of free copper is directly involved to neurodegeneration. WD, AD and PD are major neurodegenerative disorders associated with copper dyshomeostasis. Acting on copper metabolism represents a therapeutic approach for these severe disorders of the CNS. Gene therapy, gene induction, metal modulators promoting the redistribution between compartments and administration of ceruloplasmin are promising possibilities that’s deserve specific studies...”

full paper: https://res.mdpi.com/toxics/toxics-02-00327/article_deploy/toxics-02-00327.pdf?filename=&attachment=1