Dr. Dake's first published CCSVI study from the Stanford patients: Time-of-flight and time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics MRV and contrast venography were performed in 39 MS patients. Both studies frequently showed venous abnormalities, most commonly IJ flattening at the C1 level and in the lower neck.


Comparison of MR and Contrast Venography of the Cervical Venous System in Multiple Sclerosis -- Zaha
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From the Departments of Radiology (G.Z., J.R., R.J.H.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.D.D.), Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Radiology (G.Z., N.J.F., R.J.H.), Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.